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THE KANSAS LIFELINE
July 2018
Commercial fertilizers used in agriculture and horticulture
– rural and urban – are common causes of high nitrates in
groundwater.
After visiting Pretty Prairie and learning about the town’s
agricultural heritage Royte posed a question in the article:
why hasn’t the city penalized nearby farmers using the same
chemicals causing their water contamination?
It’s more complicated than that, said Ned Marks of Terrane
Resources, a Stafford-based consulting company.
Marks, a geologist, described Pretty Prairie as a unique
situation, one akin to “being dealt a bad hand of cards.”
The city had been in compliance with the EPA’s MCL for
nitrates, Marks said, when the MCL was 20 parts per million.
When the EPA lowered its MCL for nitrates to 10 parts per
million, he said, the city immediately fell out of compliance.
Marks has had success in other communities in Kansas
who have also been out of compliance for nitrate
contamination by drilling deeper wells farther into aquifers,
avoiding nitrates that have seeped through into the upper
portions of the groundwater underneath those communities.
Pretty Prairie, however, has some nitrates at the top of the
aquifer and excessive nitrates at the bottom of the aquifer.
“There’s just no explanation for it, unless it’s from old, old
fertilizer applications,” Marks said.
With poor quality water at all levels of the aquifer, he said,
it would take quite a bit of time to mitigate the
contamination, as the contaminated groundwater moved
away from the city’s well field. The groundwater moves at a
rate of about 18 inches per day in that part of the aquifer.
There are situations that require a full-size water treatment
plant, Marks said. But communities can often avoid such
measures.
Englewood, a city of about 80 people in Clark County, is a
lesson in those efforts, Marks said, from choosing an
appropriate site to taking steps to protect the wellheads and
the source water.
Several years ago, the city faced significant challenges in
both water quality and quantity. The amount they had been
pumping exceeded the amount allowed by their water right;
the water they distributed was found to be above the
allowable limit of arsenic.
City staff and consultants began looking for alternate
sources of better quality water. On a recent sunny day, Marks
and a crew from Nash Water Well Service worked in the
Englewood Cemetery just north of town on the most recent
phase of the project.
The site is on the very southeast toe of the Ogallala
Aquifer, Marks said – go another mile to the south, and it’s
gone. But, he said, unlike the alluvial aquifer from the
Cimarron River and the local Five Mile Creek, where the
city had been pumping its water, there isn’t a problem with
arsenic in the new location.
Also, there seems to be more water available than the old
site.
“If we can get 80 gallons per minute, that should be
sufficient,” said Olen Whisenhunt, the town’s mayor. “I
would like to have a 1,000 gallon per minute well, but that’s
hard to find out here.”
Whisenhunt is in his second term as mayor. “You don’t run
for election around here, you get drafted,” he said – and his
tenure has been full of challenges. In 2017, the Englewood
area was hit hard by the wildfires that consumed hundreds of
thousands of acres of land along the Kansas/Oklahoma
border.
They are making progress now on their water challenges
with the project at the cemetery, one that has drawn the
attention of the Division of Water Resources at the Kansas
Department of Agriculture, the Kansas Department of Health
and Environment, and the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
On a sunny day in late May, the crew cleaned out an old
test well to help determine if it could become a supply well
for the city. They brought chlorinated water from a nearby
source to use in the drilling process.
“The last thing we want to do is use bacteria-laden water,”
Marks said, “or use arsenic-contaminated water when we’re
trying to fix an arsenic problem.”